People and Organization Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

People and Organization - Coursework ExampleQuality standards can help construe that attach tos staff will have the skills to meet the diverse needs of all the emerge trends in the market. Standards regarding total group size and the production level ratio will have a direct bearing on the quality of the products.Programs can encourage and support staff competence by having (1) a comprehensive orientation about the programs philosophy and goals, policies, expectations and responsibilities, special needs of individual junior staff, and wellness and safety procedures and (2) a stick out for on-going training and professional come upment that includes a wide range of topics such(prenominal) as curriculum, legislation and regulations, development of constructive partnerships with other members in the company, and knowledge of how to access community resources for their families in the programPara-professional staffs help them to build rapport with the community actually quickly and they could be co-coordinating the entire activities of the company in that area. They look at these staff as members as effective catalyst, which have deep brainstorm into the community in the question, as well as trust and acceptance. in some research, the outsiders find it very difficult as they are required to climb steep learning curves and go through a very long process of gaining local acceptance, which can be helped or hindered by existing heathen prejudices.A plan for systematic recruitment of a diverse companys staff is sarcastic to assuring the availability of quality personnel. Personnel managerial of a company program administrators need to develop clearly written job descriptions that reflect the programs inclusion philosophy and list specific responsibilities and expectations for each role. culture and training requirements should be clearly defined and serve as basic criteria for employment. However, it is important that the recruitment plan is flexible.

Professional capstone project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Professional capstone project - Essay usein this theory include Carative Factors (emotional, human and spiritual, care-giving factors), a Caring Relationship (the patient and nurse reciprocally explore for wholeness and meaning) and Caring Moments (constant time spent, to create a human-to-human relation, with a patient).Caring is the ethical pose of nursing whereby the conclusion is enhancement, preservation and protection of human solemnity. Thus, the two individuals, i.e. a client and a nurse, partaking in a caring operation are mutually involved in a process of fitting and being (Adventist Health System, 2011). Since nursing provides a sigh of relief to the ailing patient, this theory provides an insight into the behaviors that smoke be utilized to apply proper care mechanism to ease the patients sufferings. virtually of them include comforting, attentive listening, peace, honesty, responsibility, patience, rendering information to enable the patient to construct an informed conclusion, respect, sensitivity, touch as well as addressing patient by his/her name (Anonymous, 2012).Using this theory, a nurse can interpret a caring association with patients by exhibiting unconditional acceptance using a holistic intercession approach (a treatment plan that involves treating the spirit, body, soul as well as mind), spending as a great deal as necessary time with the ailing patient and promoting health through intervention and knowledge. This theory bequeath be applied in the project by implementing the proposed behaviors in the real world situation and report the outcomes generated.The factual impact of the application of simulations on scientific decision making is undetermined. Cioffi, Purcal and Arundell (2005), have developed a pilot study that employed a posttest designed to explore the impact of a simulation schema on the decision making process within the clinic for nursing students. The findings reported suggest that the students that were provi ded the simulation schema gathered more

Some important innovative practices in recruitment Essay

Some important innovative practices in enlisting - strain ExampleAccording to the research findings the hiring scenario has gone through with(predicate) dramatic changes in the past decade with organizations, consequence increasing talent crunch. The use of internet is an innovative approach in this hiring scenario. While sources such as campus recruiting, head hunters, and lot of executive search processes plays their own role, organizations develop strong internet recruiting capabilities to enable recruitment processes efficiently. There is no doubt that the use of the Internet and social networking sites to recruit candidates and screen applicants is on the parachute. Internet Helps in Three Areas of the Recruitment ProcessIdentifying large number of candidates which is not possible through other sourcesScreening process automation Advertisement to potential targetsInternet provides considerable appeal to college graduates, childlike talents, workers and executives. The accel eration resumes capture, and processing are done by the web, and it helps to remove most of the steps in the venerable processes. It also gives faster information review and standardized applicant data, and ultimately provides productivity and effectiveness. The trend even so is towards reaping the benefits of online social networking. To this trend, there are websites like Linkedlin, and job portals such as www.naukari.com. Technology found culture method is one of the best practices used to train staff, which include information processing system based learn, electronic surgery support system, distance and internet based training and audiovisual based training. The growing adoption of engine room based training in organizations has been fueled largely by the potential practical benefits offered by these systems (Bell & Kozlowski 31). data processor based training usually involves teaching the trainees to do the job utilize a system, computerized simulations and multimedi a including videotapes. The computer screen shows the applicants employment application and information of the job. In other training methods the trainees have to go or manage time for training, but in this case trainee can do it at their own pace. deep down a self-paced instructional program, an employee may review specific topics on which he/she needs clarification (Chappell). batch normally cannot recollect all the things they learnt, and it is the same in the case of training too, so computer based support systems provide the employee with the knowledge and information about the organization regarding systems, workprocesses, culture etc. Electronic performance supportive systems can be referred to as a job aiding mechanism these days. It is a set of displays and computerized tools that executes training, environ support, documentation, and integrates all applications, which are faster, cheaper and more effective than any other traditional methods. Now firms are using various methods of distance learning tools for training, which includes teletraining, video conferencing, and internet based classes. The benefits in tele training are that the flight simulator in a central location can teaches groups of employees in a remote area. If the employees are geographically separated they use videoconferencing. Some organizations facilitate internal intranet training to their employees, or they can take online training

Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) v's Associated of Science in Essay

Bachelor of Science in breast feeding (BSN) vs brotherd of Science in Nursing - Es put ExampleA four years degree course of study popularly known as Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) is ideal professional to Associate degree that takes two years. Simultaneous shortage of nurses creates problems to any countys health care needs. In intimately case nurses shortage is attri scarceed by slow growth in the number of registered nurses, enrollment rate in nurse schools is slow to meet the demand of the increase in population, inadequate faculties and frustrations nurses go through that manipulate them to leave their professions (Maria, C. 2008) The Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) take four years of studying information and ethics of nursing, it is mainly offered by a univer beaty or likewise qualified school. Nevertheless, one is entitled to sit for the National Council Licensure Exam (NCLEX).This examination council come up with certified examination for two and a one-half ye ars of additional nursing and free-hearted arts curriculum before he or she becomes a recognized nurse after graduating from either Associates Degree (ADN) or from a four-year nursing program with a BSN, the BSN trains nurses for a certified role away from the coursework in nursing science, research and leading (Lewallen et al 2003)BSN syllabus is familiar among working nurses. The Bachelor of Science in nursing helps students with no precedent understanding in nursing to obtain licenses and offers registered nurses an opportunity to grow careers wise. Core curriculum in BSN entails liberal arts requirements and more advanced topics related to nursing, including education, management and administration. The associate nursing is popular as compared to BSN, but on the other hand the BSN programme gives career resourcefulness and offers a broad familiarity of nursing theory. That is to say a nurse with BSN has numerous alternatives such as performing different specialties related to nursing many another(prenominal)

Role of Nursing in Healthcare Delivery Coursework

Role of Nursing in Healthcare Delivery - Coursework ExampleTherefore we can theorize that in this ultramodern century the role of nursing managers has somewhat change now.In addition to the top clinical and medical care, the nurtures are involved in many other aspects of the health care industry. The superfluous duties may also include musical note management and improvement, case management, data collection and analysis, insurance go over analysis, patient educations and sometimes the regular training programs to train the rest of the medical staff (Cipriano, 2010). All of these supernumerary tasks are included in the roles, duties or we can say responsibilities of a nurse manager. In modern times, the nurses are also named as the health providers and the health researchers.At higher level of nursing managers, the duties and the responsibilities of a nurse may change from others. A nurse manger may have to supervise alone the staff and the hospital just to coordinate their activities. The budgeting activity may also fall on the shoulders of a nurse manger so that he or she can manage the allocated budget according to the straitlaced planning. The hospital may get famous by the level of its services and the care, which they give to their patients therefore, it is the role of the nurse manager to maintain the high quality or the standard of the health care services (Donovan, 2010).Nurses dramatic play an important or we must say a central role in the cost containment, quality and safety provision to the patients. Working at any level the role of nurse is to observe the certain and emerging trends so that she or he can make innovation in their services and gum olibanum improve the quality of their health care provisions. The aim of the nurses and especially the nursing managers is to achieve the shared and interchangeable goals of efficiency and effectiveness in the practice (Tiffin, 2012).Tiffin, C. (2012), Beyond the Bed Side The Changing Roles of Nurses Today, Huffington Post, Retrieved on July 22, 2014 from

Computer Network and Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Computer Network and Management - Case Study ExampleWhen web stash receives the request, it first examines the caches inventory of stored aims to verify the existence of the call for web content. If the desired object is found, web cache determines the freshness of the stored object by examining the objects creation date, storage date, goal date, and client and server preferences. If the stored object is found to be valid and up-to-date (fresh), then it is retrieved from the caches object store and sent as an HTTP response to the client, hence, saving time and bandwidth (Hofmann & Beaumont 2005).In case if the requested web object is not found, then the web cache transforms and forward the client request to the fund server, receives the response from the origin server, and forwards the response to the client. After sending the response to the client, web cache molds whether or not to store a copy of the object into its object store. This decision is based on (i) electric switc h rules, and (ii) dynamic object rules (Hofmann & Beaumont 2005).Web cache has finite capacity and therefore, once the cache is full, it is important to decide whether or not to store the current web object after removing and replacing some some other stored object. There are several ways to select the object to be removed and replaced some fashionable strategies listed by Hofmann & Beaumont (2005) areWeb cache uses dynamic object rules to find the approximate future rank of the object through examining its characteristics in order to determine whether or not the object is valuable large to be stored in the object store. Dynamic web content, such as stock quotes, news headlines, and run reports changes very(prenominal) frequently and therefore, their value is dropped very rapidly. Personal information, such as family pictures, journals, and travel plans has a very low future value as it attracts only a few numbers of clients. Likewise, private

WSJ Analysis Number 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

WSJ Analysis Number 3 - Essay ExampleA small percentage of women report, according to the article, a lower level of interest in sexual practices, but hold a doubt in whether or not such a lack of interest would even be considered a medical condition of sorts. Despite whatever benefits may to be had of the patch, whatever risk factors for malady remain the primary consideration for those who seek to decide whether or not it will get national applause for public usage.Federal regulators have stated that in order to achieve approval for the public, they would in fact require a larger test study to be done with a smashing level of participants in order to better assess the level of effects after using the ductless gland treatment. At the time, Procter and Gamble had yet to say whether or not they would go about getting the approval of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Other related drugs for the use of aiding female sexual behavioral patterns do not seem to be on a path eithe r towards approval by any(prenominal) approving body.For any form of drug to be approved, such agencies are given the task of expectant the approval needed for customer consumption and use. In this case, the FDA is placed with the task of approving the drug. Without it, the company is ineffective to legally market the drug to the public in such a manner.For many men, as headspring as women, the inability to truly enjoy sexual relations with those who have been chosen can be quite unfortunate. As it is natures way to have a time in life to where women enter the limit of menopause, that can in many ways impede upon the truly enjoyable nature that comes from engaging in intimate practices with spouses or lovers. For these, as well as other drugs, the approval of organizations such as the FDA, is very important for many reasons. While crucial for the ability to market them in the first place, they are in addition important to those who

The War on Drugs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The War on Drugs - try on ExampleIn response to this, the initiative on war on drugs is significant in legion(predicate) countries, and many are working so diligently to ensure they fight outlaw(prenominal) drugs. For instance, Canada has worked hard to bang policies on war on drugs. In 2001, Canadian Court of appeal issued a drug uprightness disapproving the use of marijuana for medical purposes.Furthermore, it was realized that, the use of marijuana could lead to health problems, accordingly it was vital to fight its use. The war on drugs continues to be a contentious issue. There are those opposing, and others proposing. In this context, most states are working diligently to ensure that they fight the use of illegal drugs. In facts, the coupled States has the highest number of drug dealers. Most people are jailed for drugs correlated crimes. As a result, this has been a waking call for the American government to impose laws for the war on drugs. The major focus of war on d rugs is to keep off most people particularly young people from using illegal drugs. As discussed previously, the war on drugs has been a controversial and ongoing debate globally. Nevertheless, most countries have utilise laws to prevent drug abuse.Categorically, this paper has discussed the subject the war on drugs. In great insight, the essay has outline how various countries have implemented polices that prohibit illegal drugs usage. Often, the war on drugs has been to prevent health effects, crime, and corruption. When banning of illegal drug is in effect, it prevents many from abusing drugs. With this in mind, implementing drug laws is exceptional in the War on

Employer's Liability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Employers Liability - Essay ExampleBefore analyzing the prosecution procedures against the companies it is desired to know more about the criminal virtue under which these companies buttocks be brought for justice regarding the crack and death. The criminal law is not only concerned with compensation between offender and victim alone also with compensation orders and other reparative ideas conniving themselves as a regular adjunct of sentencing options. The criminal law is an ideological function, that it makes statements about the boundaries of tolerated behaviour.Arguments about deterrence whitethorn have fallen from favor as regards the penalization of individual offenders, but corporate bodies may be more susceptible to it. There is not a simple, linear relationship between the enforcement of criminal laws and perceptions of wrongful behaviour. Criminalization ,in its broadest sense is a complex and frequently fragmented process and any role which criminal laws have in rel ation to safety ordain reflect and reproduce, as well as create, attitudes to risk. (Wells,C)(3)A company is a legal person which can only act or form an intention through its directors or employees. Companies must have at least one director and a secretary and the companys Articles will authorize the directors or others to act on behalf of the company or to delegate those powers. A company is legally separate both from those individuals who are entrusted with playing on its behalf and also of course from all its employees who may carry out tasks in the course of their profession which can be regarded for some purposes as the tasks of the company. A company can commit offences ranging from the relatively flyspeck to the serious. It should be sufficient that there is evidence against the director or officer. Directors and officers can also be criminally nonresistant as aid and abettors of the companys crimes or of the crimes of their fellow directors.The existing offenseA compan ys liability may be established bya) Vicarious liability for the acts of a companys employees/agents. b) Non-vicarious liability by reason of the realization principle including offences requiring mens rea a) Vicarious Liability In Mousell Bros Ltd v London and North Western Ry Co 19172K.B. 836 (4)it was held that a corporate/company employer is vicariously liable for the acts of its employees and agents where a natural person would be similarly liable .Here it is to be remembered that it may require mens rea, yet impose vicarious responsibility. On the contrary, it may create stark liability without imposing vicarious liability

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Strategic Management - Essay ExampleALDI opted for ultraconservative methods to offer better quality and reduced prices. The strategy is presented to hold numerous benefits in expansion and safekeeping of an increased market share. Furthermore, ALDI utilizes cheaper measures in advertising as compared to Amazon that spends majority of finances in trade. This places ALDI at a paramount position to expand and increase the profits with increased income and reduced expenditure, especially in marketing (Stubblefield, 2006).The locating critics on the shopping trends of consumers and the focus placed on the comparison of Aldi and Amazon. The German Aldi stores dribble mostly their products and offer lower cart value at $0.25. The company saves money through helplessness to accept credit cards. This includes increased purchase of the cheap products to generate revenue. Amazon offers value in products through the online stores. This generates easier measures in shopping to offer the c onvenient sopping measures. These are the differences in the two stores with the consumers offered cheap expenses in Aldi and the convenient Amazon. These stores may serve as supplements in their positioning since they satisfy consumers in varied manners. The post offers the challenge on the preference of a company based on the strategies that they incorporate in their marketing

Social inequality (contrast between UK and Brazil) Essay

Social inequality (contrast betwixt UK and Brazil) - Essay lessonDifferences in living standards is evident in that there are people who live in exalted houses while others live in slums, differences in life expectancy can be associated with proper wellness accessed by the prolific and not by the poor, conflict in the society is associated with what Karl Marx referred to as polarisation between classes resulting to a revolution and finally progress will occur in the society in that the rich will inspire the poor to become rich.The conflict perspective of inequality by Karl Marx perceives inequality as one that does not play a useful role in society, Karl argues that all societies have twain groups of people the owners of resources to production and the workers, the rich exploit the workers to make more profits through more on the job(p) hours and low wages, the rich want to maintain the status quo while the workers want to change the existing patch and therefore there is alway s conflict in the society.2The functionalist perspective by Davis and Moore perceive society stratification and inequality as one that plays a role in the proper working of society, according to this opening all social systems share certain functional prerequisite which must be met for the society to ensure efficiently. One of these prerequisites is effective role allocation and performance and this means that all roles must be make full by those who are best able to perform them and that roles must be performed well by happy individuals. The mechanism that ensures proper role allocation is social stratification, roles are different in terms of grandness and therefore there is the need to attach unequal rewards to the role.3Living standards in the UK are higher than those of Brazil, this is attributed by the fact that the UK is more developed and industrialised therefore the inequalities in the UK are better off compared to cases of inequalities in Brazil. Higher incomes in the UK are one

From the Top at Carnegie Hall Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

From the Top at Carnegie Hall - Term Paper ExampleWe chink that no matter how far from home we are, we always have a home in the things we lovemaking. These are the lines that struck me in the episode Music is where the heart is. The three young musicians who have their receive stories of ups and downs led them where they are right now. In the case of Ronald Joseph for instance, his terrible experience from Hurricane Katrina did not stop him from engage his delight. Like what his teacher said, You owe it to Katrina. Oftentimes, the bad things in life are the process of something good that is some to come. For the second part of the episode, 17-year old violist Allyson Tomsky had a different means of showing her enthusiasm. Her love for both music and for her hometown greatly contributed in becoming who she really is. Playing in the streets of New York as one of her practices is thence a unique way of showing and sharing the talent that she has. Lastly is 14-year old Jazz singe r, Nikki Yanofsky who at a very young age possessed a very powerful voice and a great confidence toward the thing that she loved. This episode portrayed only but one thing, that as commodious as we love what we do, we are happy and well always be contented. There will always be the sense of fulfillment no matter what the odds are. Another episode, Family Ties revealed the role of family in shaping and build the vision of our youth.

International financial reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

International financial reporting - try on ExampleTherefore, it is important that users ar able to distinguish the financial reports clearly from other related randomness published in the annual report as IASs or IFRs only apply to the financial statement. 3.0 qualitative Characteristics The framework states Qualitative characteristics be the attributes that make the information provided in financial statement useful to users. The statement of principles identifies five principal qualitative characteristics consist of understandability, relevance, reliability, substantiality, and comparability elaborated as below. 3.1 Understandability Understandability refers to the flair in which information is presented in the financial statements and the capabilities of the users to utilize the financial information. However, assumption is made whereby users are suit with basic business, economic and accounting knowledge and thus be able to interpret the information accurately. entirely the relevant information is required to be reflected in the financial statement disregards of its complexity and the fear that misapprehension would arise due to the complexity of the issue. Additionally, an organized presentation of financial information would enhance the understandability of the users. 3.2 relevancy Information is said to be relevant if it has the ability to solve the economic decisions of the users and is provided in time to influence those decisions. Relevant information assists users in analyzing the then(prenominal) trends, present situation and predicts the future prospect based on the past analysis. in any case that, it allows the users to enhance their knowledge on the household by confirming or correcting their past evaluations. The ratios calculated based on the financial statement provides an insight on the financial performance of the firm and areas which are of high interest to the owner such as dividend payout, price requital ratio and earnings per share. Moreover, it commode be used to evaluate and predict its future outlook and indicate the firms investment attractiveness. 3.3 Materiality The relevance of information is affected by its nature and materiality. Information is considered to be material if its omission or misstatement would significantly affect the economic decisions of the users, taken on the basis of financial statement. Items which are substantial in terms of size and nature such as auditor fees and director fees are essential to be disclosed in the financial statement. However, materiality is not a primary qualitative characteristic itself as it is merely a threshold or cut-off point. 3.4 Reliability Information must in any case be trusty and possess faithful representation. Information is reliable when it is free from material errors and bias and can be depended upon by users to represent the economic conditions that it purports to represent or could reasonably be expected to represent. Besides that, it contains the characteristics of being verifiable and neutral. Information which is relevant but unreliable may be misleading and occasion disputes or claim for damages in a legal action. 3.4.1 Faithful Presentation Information must represent faithfully the proceeding it purports to represent in order to be reliable. There is a risk of exposure that this may not be the case, not due to bias, but due to the inherent difficulties in identifying the transactions or deciding on an appropriate method of measurement or

Ismlamic banking theory verses practice. Case study of Iran Pakistan Essay

Ismlamic banking theory verses practice. Case demand of Iran Pakistan and UK - Essay ExampleSome of the Quranic verses (Yusuf Ali, 2000) regarding these aspects have been mentioned below to elaborate the need and intimidation towards the Islamic financial system.To those of weak understanding make not over your property, which perfection hath do a means of harbour for you.? (Yusuf Ali, 45, 2000). Private ownership is affirmed, alone also, viewed as a trust, Believe in idol and His Apostle, and give (in charity) out of the substance whereof He has made you Heirs (Yusuf Ali, 577, 2000). Islam encourages enterprise or efforts to create riches, which is characterized as Gods bounty, And when the Prayer is finished, then may ye disperse through the land and seek the Bounty of God (Yusuf Ali, 6210, 2000). Muslims argon obligated to fulfill contracts and keep their promises, O ye who believe Fulfill all obligations.... (Yusuf Ali, 51, 2000).And fulfill (every) engagement, for (ever y) engagement will be enquired into (on the Day of Reckoning) (Yusuf Ali, 1734, 2000). All exchange should be made with the willing consent of the parties concerned, O ye who believe Eat up not your property among yourselves in vanities yet let there be amongst you traffic and trade by mutual good-will. (Yusuf Ali, 429, 2000). The use of wealth and the exercise of the freedom of enterprise are constrained by the obligation not to harm others, but this must also be seen in the perspective of the positive obligation to care for others and share with them (Siddiqi, pp. 11-19, 2001). This is symbolized by the well-known duty to pay the zakat or poor tax. However, that is not all the important thing is the lifetime of cooperative, helpful behaviour as mandated by the Islamic view of life as a test, He who created Death and Life, that He may try which of you is best in deed (Yusuf Ali, 672, 2000).These texts from the Quran (Yusuf Ali, pp. 1-576, 2000) are the major sources of guidance f or all the systems that Muslims

Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

capitalism - Essay ExampleThe fourteen century crisis leads to emergence of modern capitalism. Land ownership and agricultural product gave rise to conflicts. The arrangements of manorial hinder the phylogenesis of capitalism. This was when lords force serfs to produce which hinder them from getting interests through expert innovations. The serfs could only produce what was enough for their families. Expansion of power and wealth by lords direct to conspicuous consumption. The crisis in the century was through bad weather, productivity in agriculture and limitations on technology. There was division of classes payable to rise of relationships which were contractual between serfs and lords. Feudalism laid foundations necessary for mechanistic development. Exploration also facilitates the development of capitalism. The rise of competition led to creation of the new model. It led to winning and losing. Feudalism which led to mechanistic led to ownership of corporation and private sectors. Decisions of private sectors, prices of different commodities, goods production and distribution characterize investments, which led to free markets (Heilbroner et al, 2011). Roman Empire introduces merchant capitalisms which were advanced. This proceeds to development of Islamic capitalism. Industrial capitalism, revolutions and division of bear on are some of the factors that led to creation of new model.There are many similarities between north and Adam metalworker. For example, Adam smith identified didactical mode which he termed as Newtonian method. Smith helped in discovering general laws of economics while Newton discovered natural laws of motion. John Millar declared Smith as Newtons political economy. Both contributed to the project of social cohesion and balance. According to Newton, simmpleness pleases nature but focuses on economy which was embarrass by Smith.Ricardo and Malthus are pessimistic about the forthcoming of capitalism. Malthus from his theory f ail to anticipate production

Knowledge Management paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Knowledge Management paper - Essay ExampleKnowledge is, to an enterprise or an individual, the possession of information or the ability to quickly locate it. This is essentially what Samuel Johnson, compiler of the first statewide English dictionary, said when he wrote that Knowledge is of two kinds we write out a subject ourselves, or we know where we can find information upon it. (Source website http//searchcio.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,sid19_gci212448, 00.html)This familiarity is spread over the length and breadth of the company and whitethorn be part of a network, a database, in manually documented files or simply as intellectual capital. When knowledge actually present in the organisation is not structured, it is not leveraged upon and therefore causes redundancies, because of the repetitiveness of the tasks performed to acquire the same knowledge. This creates inefficiencies. Within the evolving dynamic environment in which current businesses operate, the ability to creat e, acquire, retain and channelise knowledge assets and put it to recurring use is highly beneficial. Knowledge does not occur instantly. It takes time, effort and resources to be gained and is therefore valuable.There are numerous ways in which knowledge management has been defined. ... Shared knowledge is vital component of the knowledge management systems. This is not solely the responsibility of the infrastructure alone that serves to delegate explicit knowledge nor is it a good substitute for transferring tacit knowledge that people are overt of.Why do we need knowledge managementPossession of the right knowledge is indispensable in the competitive market place. Companies long neglected the value of knowledge but have now unsounded the significance of it. The environment is constantly evolving and therefore knowledge must keep pace and be updated. For role model when companies lay off workforce, the workers leave with their valuable knowledge. If this knowledge is stored th en it is available for the future. Similarly, growth forecasts are predicted by knowledge of customer preferences and changing trends and sufficient knowledge resources will ease the process. Globalisation has done outdoor(a) with geographic boundaries and therefore when similar projects are undertaken across the globe, knowledge sharing allows them to be executed with lesser risks due to practical knowledgeable experiences being available. (Source from website http//www.media-access.com/whatis.htmlwhy)Communities of practice A Community of Practice is a assort of individuals who regularly engage in sharing and learning based on their common interests or methods of working. Members of a Cop interact closely leading to better knowledge sharing (Wenger, 1998). CoPs often bridge the time out between documented processes and actual practical feasibilities. There is often a dilemma as to whether be CoP should be geared to wards the task or whether creation of

Natural environment Essay Example for Free

Natural environment EssayHistory depicts that in the past, apartheid and Christian national education policies meant that races and cultures were segregated in schools and resources were unevenly distributed, making the role and the task of the teacher excess difficult in terms of balancing between the workload and catering for all learners needs. Education is inherently political as it involves values and goals in relation to such fundamental questions as what kind of undivided and society be we trying to shape? These questions cannot be answered in a factual or honest way because they are questions of opinions, values and ideology and they are inevitably disagreements and conflicts (Carter, Harber Serfi, 2003). The nature and reality of educators is that, it places so oftentimes importance on the teacher to ensure that learners succeed at the end of the day, although there are or so factors external such as the environment, socio-economic and resources issues and resou rces which disturbs or defeats the purpose of education. The teacher can either make or break the progress of the learner, meaning the teacher should cater equally for all the needs of the learners, as learners themselves are different in terms of race, gender and class.This means that the teacher should not be bias or discriminate towards a certain gender, race or class, as this will have a negative impact on the success or progress of the learners. In this essay I will prove my experiences with the teachers who made a difference, the role they played in terms of perceiving gender, race and class in my life, and the reasons wherefore they were significant and finally I will discuss the role I will play as a future teacher regardless of gender, race and class of the learners. The most features in class or school environment, is for the teacher to understand his or her learners and mostly interact with them on continuous basis, as lines learners hazard arise from time to time. T hese problems tend to distract learners and need the intervention of the teacher themselves. Sometimes learners struggle with the centre required, a problem at home or moreover a personal problem. A good teacher must anticipate and have insight of foretelling and differentiate amongst learners that are showing signs of encountering problem

Triple Bottom Line Essay Example for Free

triad-base hit permeate phone field of operation Essay groundingTriple Bottom Line is increasingly attaining popularity as a impressionual framework for the purpose of standard the level of business per assortmentance. The term was being coined by John Elkington, in his book entitled arsenibals with Forks The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business. John Elkington has been the co-founder of the business consultancy SustainAbility. Triple Bottom Line could be understood in a broad sense, as the range of values which companies need to concern much(prenominal) as social, environmental and economic. In mere practical terms, the conception of triad undersurface decipher in leads to take into account the social and environmental performance of the comp each along with its financial performance. (The deuce-ace undersurface line Business and Sustainable Development A Global guide) The triplex bottom line indicates the topographic point at which the corpo judge int erests meet the societal interests. It is a novel method of measuring the bottom line, wherein network tend to move along with the social as well as environmental performance and a method of understanding the concept of sustainability which is being considered to be often-fuzzy. (The Triple Bottom Line How to mean solar days Best-Run Companies be Achieving Economic, Social, and Environmental Success And How You back Too) Summary bind 1Wayne Norman and Chris MacDonald in their clause Getting to the Bottom of Triple Bottom Line state that by dedicating themselves to the concept of Triple Bottom Line it shows as if corporations atomic number 18 forming a more concrete as well as falsifiable dedication to environment and society. But in reality, it allows the companies to virtually own no commitment at all.As a result of no real bottom lines for calculation relating to society or environment, companies do non amaze to be bothered ab turn up having these bottom lines in comparis on to other pisseds which are inwardly or without of their sector nor is there any definite worry pertaining to the firm being considered to harbor diminution environmental as well as societal bottom lines over the various years or under the leadership of the present Chief Executive Officer of the friendship. Without a complete reliable charm of these reports along with the handy filing system, comparability over a period of time for one firm would be difficult as well as time-consuming.The company could also alter the indicating factors it would choose in order to report on over time. The authors emphasize notwithstanding that on the one hand, the fact that the firms have created a social report or that of a code of ethics gives us less(prenominal) culture with regard to a firms real dedication towards the principles being presented in the documents. It is also considered to be relatively of less cost in order to produce these documents, and particularly if they are vague, they do non usually suffer any serious risks pertaining for a company.On the other hand, both the kinds of documents could play an nonethelesstful part in a companys serious technique in order to correct upon its good as well as societal performance along with trying to integrate this prey into its boundary of corporate culture. The authors conclude that it is their understanding that clear as well as meaningful principles are the close to likely to cater to companies of the latter kind and that vague as well as literally less meaningful principles like those intended by the Triple Bottom Line are dress hat suited completely for promoting hypocrisy. (Getting to the Bottom of Triple Bottom Line) Article 2The author Steven F. Hayward in their article The Triple Bottom Line authorized New Model or Tripartite feed bunk? states that to the bottom level of profit-and-loss is being included two more groups which have their own balance sheets and these are environmental quality as well as social justice and it is what is being considered as the triple bottom line. However the author states that by including the term social to the concept of justice does non realistically include the values of justice. In real terms social justice is a perverted effort to turn justice by relating legitimacy in relation to a redistri exactlyive agenda.Further, with regard to environmental quality, most of the companies, particularly manufacturing companies, have emissions as well as resource-use profiles that could be brought up for measurement and modify by several methods. To add to it, most of the sizable corporations now tend to create annual environmental reports along with annual financial reports, mentioning the developments made by the firm on the environmental aspect.However most of these gains are considered to be just capability gains which could be considered to be profitable in several cases, but a single-dimensional attention on efficiency gains removes t aking into account both the opportunity cost of the work capital as well as the trained personnel in order to attain such efficiency gains against other tasks as well as any consideration with regard to the internal rate of return IRR on the companys capital.A more general initiative has tended to elevate the concept of triple bottom line to that of a board level issue. However some of the environmentalists are non wasting their time for the purpose of serious conceptual efforts and have really started to warn the investors that firms that do non listen to the call of the triple bottom line will actually witness their market value to decline in the years to come.Steven F. Hayward provides several examples in this article of how environmentalists are trying to pressurize corporations to take over social justice and environmental policies as part of their company policy. However examples of Enrons bankruptcy shows that environmentalists are making their efforts to read corporati ons into social service units following a statist agenda. But this is something which market-oriented companies are not supposed(p) to follow. (The Triple Bottom Line Authentic New Model or Tripartite Nonsense?) Article 3The author Chris MacDonald in his article on ethics, jargon, and the triple bottom line states that the supporters of the concept of triple bottom line are not satisfied with the concept being just another form of a metaphor and they have made all efforts to drop it into a full-fledged management concept and it is now one of the dominant as well as the progressive management concepts of the present day world. And the popularity of the concept tends to be skyrocketing.The author states that that the efforts of conscientious business managers in order to attend to the societal as well as the environmental implications of their business dealings are not at all out of importance. Knowledgeable and far-sighted managers had understood that such activities would tend to have the dual advantages of being unspoilt from both an ethical as well as the financial side. However it is not clear still that the concept of triple bottom line adds anything valuable as to what the conscientious managers are already been doing. Further as it does not give any concrete and reliable measures to analyze the performance, the concept of triple bottom line could even lead to a type of smoke and mirrors that will obscure the efforts of the less progressive firms.The author further asks as to what is the bottom line on the triple bottom line? He states that in their efforts to bring about ethical behavior, like that in anything else that they tend to do, firms should look carefully before they involve in buying.Another point to be noted is that, there should be careful reflection with regard to the best techniques as well as the tools for managers in order to ensure of their efforts to emphasize upon the ethical cultures in their companies. Ethics, whether it is in b usiness or whether in the field of health care or politics, is really about cerebration in a clear manner and understanding as to what our obligations really are and agreeing upon the principles that really make value and then abiding by those principles whenever times tend to get tough. (Ethics, jargon, and the triple bottom line)III. comparability/ContrastAll the three articles show that even though the concept of Triple bottom line has become a popular approach to functioning of social and environmental commitments of the corporations, most of the companies tend to make less or even virtually no commitment at all towards the concepts of societal and environmental responsibility. As a result of the absence of any real bottom lines pertaining to societal or environmental performance for calculation, the comparability of firms is considered to be difficult and not worth-while. The authors agree that even though most large corporations now tend to create annual environmental report s along with their annual financial reports, mentioning the growth of the company with regard to several environmental benchmarks, a majority of these gains are considered to be only mere efficiency gains, which could be even profitable in several of the cases.Because the triple bottom line gives no concrete reliable methods to measure the performance levels, the concept could account to a type of smoke and mirrors that could obscure the actions of the less progressive firms. The authors of the three articles thus argue that Triple Bottom Line are best only for the purpose of promoting hypocrisy as companies are only interested in making profits and by adding the commitment towards environment and society in their company policy, they however do not make any concerted efforts towards improving the environment or society. In short, the three articles agree that because of its inbound emptiness as well as vagueness, the triple bottom line concept enables it easy for a cynical company to appear to be dedicated towards societal and environmental sustainability.1V. Critical EvaluationEven though the authors of the three articles state that the concept of Triple bottom line has not been made use of in the right direction, businesses are being forced upon in order to react to the societal, environmental and economic changes that are occurring in the world around them. Just as we understand that the global warming is basically changing the mer roll in the haytile as well as the regulatory landscape for the energy as well as the railway car companies, similarly the occurrence of HIV/AIDS, SARS as well as contagious malaria is altering the heavy business models for the pharmaceutical companies.In the ever-changing modern world, the real sustainable company would tend to have no requirement of writing checks for the purpose of charity or to provide back to the local society, as the firms daily functions would not tend to deprive the society, but would on the reverse te nd to enrich it. (The Triple Bottom Line How todays Best-Run Companies are Achieving Economic, Social, and Environmental Success And How You Can Too) ConclusionTo conclude, it can be said that there should be concerted efforts and research done to make triple bottom line as the model of the future and up-coming corporate firms. There should be blotto regulated efforts made to create the awareness required that business firms even when contributing towards the societal and environmental concerns can tend to be financially successful. By giving equal importance for the society and environment, companies can tend to have a situation of win-win on all sides.ReferencesHayward, Steven F. The Triple Bottom Line Authentic New Model or Tripartite Nonsense?Sept-Oct, 2002. Vol12 No 5. Religion and Liberty. http//www.acton.org/publicat/randl/article.php?id=437MacDonald, Chris. Ethics, jargon, and the triple bottom line. The Chronicle Herald. March 3,2005. http//www.herald.ca/external/sobeys/m arch05.htmlNorman, Wayne MacDonald, Chris. Getting to the Bottom of Triple Bottom Line. Business Ethics Quarterly, April 2004. http//www.businessethics.ca/3bl/triple_bottom_line_abstract.htmlSavitz, Andrew W Weber, Karl. The Triple Bottom Line How Todays Best-Run Companies are Achieving Economic, Social, and Environmental Success And How You Can Too. Jossey-Bass/Wiley. September 2006. http//www.thetriplebottomline.net/The triple bottom line. Business and Sustainable Development A Global guide. 2007.http//www.bsdglobal.com/tools/principles_triple.asp

The worlds wife Essay Example for Free

The worlds wife EssayTo what limit be Mrs Sisyphus and Mrs hitch avant-garde Winkle characters of the Worlds Wife? The Worlds Wife an array of relentless and unapologetically feminist poems consisting of a large number of personas, who atomic number 18 witheringly contemptuous of the men they reserve ended up with, chiefly inadequate, self- obsess and immature. Each poem carrying an implicit message of feminine virtues governed by the somewhatwhat scorn of women.Mrs Sisyphus and Mrs Rip new wave Winkle playing host to many of the ironically degrading characters that pretend been given to their counter opposites. Mrs Sisyphus serves as a resounding echo to many of the female characters that find themselves within Duffys feminist collection. Thats him pushing the precious st unrivaled up the hill the jerk. It is this blunt to that extent explicit statement made by Mrs Sisyphus that sets out the pacing for the rest of the poem, conveying immediately the attitude she ha s towards her economise and the dork like actions he undertakes.Further more, the fact that Sisyphus was condemned to turn a boulder up a hill for eternity, serves as a poignant reminder of him cosmos a symbol for pointless activity. As a result, Mrs Sisyphus expresses this pointlessness and reminds us that what use is a perk, when you havent got the eon to open a cork. Yet more importantly, conveys to the reader a woman who seems to long for the companionship of her husband but is just another wife deemed to endlessly disparage his obsessive behaviour.On the other hand, Mrs Rip Van Winkle is in deep contrast to the attitude that Mrs Sisyphus possesses. As we learn that Rip Van Winkles sleep in Duffys hand becomes his wifes liberation while he slept I found some hobbies for myself. When one thinks of sleep, we associate it with inactivity. However, in the case of Mrs Winkle the silence and stillness that her husband undergoes awakens the opportunity for her to cease purport and all its wonders Painting, seeing the sights. No longer condemned to the submissive behaviour of her domineering husband.The Leaning Tower, The Pyramids, the Taj Mahal, taking in each sight with a new lease on life, being able to breath freely and see the sights shed always dreamed about no longer within the clutches of a man. Mrs Sisyphus highlights to the reader, the implications a wife must face when having a berk for a husband. She mentions of wanting to go for so much(prenominal) as a walk in the park, yet as it seems that when a man becomes wildly obsessed keen as a hawk, lean as a shark, the importance of a woman diminishes as the size of the stone he pushes is nearer the size of a kirk.Therefore, signifying to the reader one of the many characteristics that females have within the Worlds Wife resenting their husbands. Furthermore, the poem seems partly a language game jerk, kirk, perk, cork, the rhymes and the half rhymes, give a sense of repetition that imitates Sisyphuss punishment, yet in actual fact it is not him who seems to be punished, for his folly actions have left Mrs Sisyphus to be the actual victim plagued by his punishment.This simple yet effective rhyming turning away reinforces the idea that Mrs Sisyphus sees her husband to be nothing more then an individual to be gawked at some type of circus freak. Through her idiomatic tone one is able to draw out the characteristics of a woman who sees no sense in rolling a stone that feckin no sooner up than its rolling back down. This movement of the stone going up yet gravely set to an eonian downward spiral is a reflection of Mrs Sisyphus relationship with her husband.Similarly even though Mrs Winkle initially faces the prospect of having an elated life without her husband, sees her dreams shattered when her husband awakes sitting up in bed bouncing viagra. Duffy conveys, the position of Mrs Winkle within their relationship, she seems nothing more then object for sex and pleasure for her husb and. bounce by the ever conventionalist view of women being nothing more then the property of men.Not lone(prenominal) deeply patronising, but in all places and at all times, suggesting only men are of importance, and their wifes are mere appendages. After all she had taken up food and given up exercise it did me computable a reversal of what one would associate as being good or in the eyeball of her husband being seen as an attractive woman. The fact that her self worth is associated by her physical attributes highlights Duffys animosity at how male emblems seem to place women in a position where only objectification is possible.Even more so, Duffy hints that in order for a female to find true happiness she must remove the realms that support her, but what was best, hands-down beat the rest was saying a none-too-fond- farewell to sex. We as the reader are made to feel the excitement and happiness that Mrs Rip Van Winkle is going through yet as soon as it arrives, her dream c omes to a close at the eventual awakening of her husband. Thus, a sense of pathos is created and one can only pity the situation she finds herself in.

Managing Knowledge and Learning Essay Example for Free

Managing knowledge and Learning EssayManaging Knowledge and Learning at NASA and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Summary National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was established by Congress on October 1, 1958, in order for the United States to keep up with the technological advancements achieved from former Soviet Unions achieverful launch of the Sputnik (1957). The Apollo Era-Mission had risen from the pledge of John F. Kennedys goal, which was landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to Earth. Prioritization at NASA evolved into the centers motto of Faster, Better, Cheaper (FBC), which was mandated in the Goldin Era beginning in 1992. NASA shifted priorities from 1) performance, 2) schedule and 3) cost to 1) augment billing performance, 2) cut cost and 3) be given force reduction. However, this reform was not as successful as plotted. From 1992 and 2000, six of 16 FBC missions failed. To address business arrangement of the impact of failed mission s and impending retirements of many of the most experienced NASA employees, Congress enforced that the agency search for the ancestor to Knowledge Management (KM) and promoting learning initiatives at NASA-JPL.NASAs KM tools were mainly IT outlines of Internet-based databases and portals for ease of lessons. The NASA KM crisis was attributed to the organizations inability to document experiences of failures and successes of missions or projects ultimately incapable of capturing the experiential knowledge from expert engineers and scientists. In addition, this lack in KM was due to privatizing knowledge and promoting creativity, that stemmed from NASAs culture where competition among centers for projects and living was the norm.Several KM Initiatives were real including project libraries for document and data management, developing standards, establishing databases to find experts, ask proficient questions, and to capture history and legacy reviews. 1) What were the pros and con s of the Faster, Better, Cheaper model? How power come forthcomes (both positive and negative) of projects executed with this model impact NASAs stakeholders, i. e. Congress and the general public? The Faster, Better, and Cheaper (FBC) objectives were to cut cost and maximize mission performance. There were several advantages of the FBC reform.FBC totallyowed monotvirtuoso development and launch schedules that lead to an increase in the number of missions. Mission time could be decreased from decades to a few years. The number of NASA projects increased from four to 40 under the FBC model. An increase in mission projects was position to lead to additional disc everywhereies so that NASA could gain further wisdom and seat knowledge. FBC missions were counterchanged from one enlarged project to multiple small projects. Dividing the political platform into smaller projects helped to minimize the pressure and stress on the squad if a mission failed.Furtherto a greater extent, one mission failure did not consequently lead to the failure of the absolute program. FBC practice allowed senior managers more freedom to implement FBC the way they found fit which promoted creativity and self-sufficiency among senior managers. FBC also reduced the cost of apiece mission and NASAs overall reckon. For example, the Mars program budget was reduced from one billion dollars to $260 million. There are numerous disadvantages of the FBC reform. Applying the FBC model could lead to more mission failures.During the FBC era, there were 6 failed missions out of 16 FBC missions. Cost and schedule constraints, meagerly risk assessment, planning, and testing, underrating of complexity and technology maturity, inattention of quality and safety, inadequate review processes, engineering, under-trained staff, poor team communication, and design errors all attributed to NASAs mission failures. Projects conducted faster does not allow for adequate documentation, time for redlinin g the project, and recording lessons learned from one mission to the next.This could result in repeated mistakes that could be avoided by future missions. Missions carried out faster do not allow time for mentorship and sharing of knowledge. Also, the term better was not properly defined and was turn out to interpretation, which may negatively impact maintaining standard procedures and processes. The results of the FBC vision could impact NASAs stakeholders in several ways. The increase in smaller successful missions would alleviate the risk of one large failure, although any failures will beget a negative impact on stakeholders.Congress could be discouraged to provide support and documentation for major(ip) home programs if they fail but might be more likely to fund smaller missions. The public could either lose or gain confidence, support, and belief in the space program depending on the magnitude of success or failure. FBC mission are less expensive which would decrease NASAs budget and help satisfy both Congress and the general public by reducing the need for special(a) taxation by Congress and collection of taxes from the general public. 2) Why was the Mars Pathfinder project so successful?Explain how Anthony Spears management style impacted future missions. Project management was the key to success of the Mars Pathfinder project. It began as an experiment to test the validity of the FBC reform mandated in 1992 when Daniel Goldin was assigned as the new administrator of NASA. A clear and specific plan for the Pathfinder mission was laid out in the beginning and followed through until the end. Analogous to the success of Ciscos ERP implementation, Anthony Spears, an excellent manager and thought leader with years of experience at NASA, gained the support of top management and the JPL institution (Spears, 1999).Spears developed a unique balance of an advisory committee of experts to support and guide the difficult project, while he recruited talented, still naive, energetic youngsters to do what some more experienced people thought impossible. As Spears writes in his lessons learned report it was a blend of bright, ambitious youth and scarred old timers, each challenged and empowered, all working each issue together (1999). Together, they created a team that bonded and worked together successfully.Spears goal was not only the success of the Pathfinder project, but of the FBC program success, unlike the vision of future project managers. The success of Pathfinder did not translate well in future FBC missions. Risk management and testing were Copernican to the Mars Pathfinder success. While the Mars Pathfinder team worked together successfully, the younger players went on to come back they were great project managers themselves, but still hadnt learned enough to manage their next missions successfully.In future FBC projects, some reasons for failure were poor team communication, inadequate or under-trained staff or inadequate t esting in 70% of missions and insufficient risk assessment and planning on 86% of missions (exhibit 4). 3) single of the major issues in this case is the retirements of experts. Why is this a hassle for NASA? Would it be less of a problem in a different type of organization? Suggest immediate steps that NASA could take to abate the problem. Explain your choices.By 2006 half of NASAs workforce was eligible for retirement which could lead to a major loss of knowledge, especially tacit information, diminishing the collective wisdom of the organization. A senior manager at NASA states, we energize no formal process for transferring knowledge from thought leaders to new managers and IT systems had not in time been sufficient in transferring experiential knowledge to the younger generation. Unfortunately, this would be true in many organizations unless they had sufficient knowledge management systems in place and a culture where sharing knowledge was valued and encouraged.In order to mitigate the problem of losing their knowledge base, NASA not only needs to continue to implement their KM strategy, but truly change the culture. Experienced project leaders and Subject Matter Experts (SMEs), such as design engineers, should openly share their knowledge and not just when asked for it. I support several of the planned KM initiatives such as the capture of information by improving documentation, development of an enterprise web-based portal, and the Knowledge Sharing Initiative (KSI) aimed at changing the companies culture.In addition to these activities, an exit strategy could be developed for retiring employees where they must follow standard procedures for employing case-based reasoning in an online database employing a searchable classification system. Additional knowledge could be disseminated by those eligible through training sessions. A reward system should be linked to these exit requirements and could be increased if the employee decides to be available i n the Expert Connections directory of SMEs that could be contacted for support after they leave.New positions might need to be created for dedicated knowledge managers such as head word knowledge officers. Its also possible that NASA could obtain some replacement of lost experts by collaborating with space programs in other countries. Collecting the information from experts must be coupled with management support of a corporate wide schema to store the data, methods of dissemination, and apply the information to ultimately make better decisions on projects that involve risking peoples lives. 4) Jean Holm had two options she could choose from 1) upgrade the IT systems or, 2) change the culture.Which would you choose and wherefore? Is there a third option? Explain your answer. In order for Holms to truly have a successful knowledge management system in place, implementation of a hybrid system should be in place enforcing both upgrade to IT systems occurring simultaneously with chang ing the private culture into a shared one. Integration of both, changing the culture and IT upgrades will be a lengthy process so it would be critical to first strategically plan for cultivating and managing formal processes for knowledge transfers.Implementing formal processes such as required protocols, reports, standard operating procedures (SOPs) and work instructions for each mission or project should be enforced from every high-level management as it might help with the KM transfer crisis. erst every item has been completed by the high-level management it would be placed into the appropriate IT systems database in conjunction with the integration of the required knowledge management video synopsis from experienced engineers and scientist who exit the centers.Curriculums would be in place with learning modules with specific need encapsulating these protocols, reports, SOPs, work instructions and video synopsis would thusly be posted on the intranet, ready for the potential no vice engineers and scientists entering the NASA work force do the system more enriched and meaningful. 5) President Obama is implementing changes to NASAs charter, which will create new ways of funding/ execute projects than NASA is used to. Do a little online research. Do you agree or disagree in this change of direction? Explain. Caution this is not to be addressed as a political issue) The Obama administrations new NASA charter includes a couple of key parts A) In February 2010, the Obama administration canceled the Constellation Program, which was started by former President George W. Bushs administration in 2004. This program aimed to put US astronauts back on the synodic month by 2020, for the first time since the final Apollo mission. B) In April 2010, Obama proposed increasing NASAs overall budget by about $6 billion over five years and shifting NASAs aim for work space program to Mars (from the moon).By the mid 2030s, I believe we can send gentlemans gentleman to orbit Mars and return them safely to Earth. And landing on Mars will follow, he said. C) He also challenged the commercial space industry to take up the routine tasks that NASA would abandon such as ferrying astronauts to and from the space station. I do not agree with him on the part A and begin B of the new charter. The Constellation Program is already 5 year old, and has spent $9. 1 billion.It has already made significant progress and will help America maintaining its space leadership position over Russia and China. On the other hand, I think that it will set a foundation for manned space mission to Mars. Obamas vision of manned mission to Mars by mid-2030 does not seem pictorial to me as he has not talked about its technology feasibility. However, I do agree with his plans Part C. I think that it will significantly reduce the cost for transporting people and cargo to and from low-Earth orbit, and might induce the rise of a true space economy.

Background and purpose of the project Essay Example for Free

Background and purpose of the count on endeavorIntroduction.The Manuscript digitisation ostensorium stand was sponsored by the subroutine library of Congress deliverance Office in cooperation with the National Digital depository library Program (NDLP). This report includes copies of sample images created during the projects mannikin I, which extended through 1995.1 During 1996, Phase II of the project created a testbed of 10,000 images of manuscript items from the Federal Theatre Project collection in the Librarys practice of medicine Division. These images atomic number 18 now online as a p artistic production of that collection selected examples have been referenced and made ready to hand(predicate) in later sections of this report. Background. The Library of Congress is developing its capabilities for providing computerized access to its collections. In part, this means wrestling with practicalities of payoff and identifying and testing a broad range of tools and t echniques. In part, it also means investigating the ramifications of digitization as it pertains to preservation, understood to include both the conservation of the original item and the conversion of originals through preservation reformatting.Preservation reformatting refers to the copying of items as a safeguard against loss or damage, i.e., insurance that the worlds heritage result be kept alive for future generations. Today, most preservation reformatting consists of microfilming, although other types of copies are also made. Two features are of peculiar(prenominal) concern to those responsible for carrying out preservation reformatting the faithfulness of the copy and its longevity. This expression project was touch with the former, i.e., image quality. Other parallel projects are investigating longevity issues.2 The Library commissi matchlessd the Manuscript Digitization Demonstration Project because it believes that certain classes of manuscript documents lend themselv es to the creation of digital copies that are faithful to the originals in a reasonably efficient manner.The Library was cognizant of the work being carried out by the Cornell University Library regarding printed matter3, and saw that manuscripts would make for a useful demonstration project at the Library of Congress. A bring out issue for the Library is finding the most judicious balance between conserving precious original documentsprotecting them from damageand achieving a reasonably rapid rate of conversion. The outcomes of this project are expected to assist the Library in pattern models for further conversion applications for the Librarys collections. Manuscript collections. The manuscript holdings of the Library of Congress include extensive writings of individuals and organizations, galore(postnominal) from nineteenth and twentieth century America.Since the Librarys digitization suits are initially focused on its American holdings, this demonstration project emphasizes the physical types of documents found in these papers collections. The specific test documents were selected from the Federal Theatre Project collection held by the Music Division. The Federal Theatre Project (FTP) was a New Deal effort that employed out-of-work playwrights, actors, directors and stagehands to produce and perform plays in many American cities during the latter years of the Great Depression. For the purposes of this project, a manuscript page was defined as a separate handwritten or typed sheet of paper, more often than not at A size or legal size, i.e., from 8.511 inches to 8.514 inches.The test documents include scripts, administrative files, and surveys of theater genres commissioned by the FTP. During Phase I, a set of documents was used to produce a variety of sample images for study. Examples of these images exposit this report and are accessible from Appendix A. A portion of the sample set represented paper in good condition with reasonably clear, dark writ ing on a reasonably clean background. The other portion of the preservation explore sample included documents that represent typical scanning problems * a mix of colors or pencil and ink,* low contrast and carbon copies of typed materials in which the edges of the character opinion are soft, * documents that have extraneous markings or print-through. The Document Digitization Evaluation Committee. The Manuscript Digitization Demonstration Project was carried out by Picture Elements, Inc., working in close relationship with a special Document Digitization Evaluation Committee. This committee was made up of Library of Congress staff members (listed present alphabetically) representing various units with an interest in digitization.* Ardith Bausenbach mechanization Planning and Liaison Office, Library Services* Julio BerriosPhotoduplication Service* Lynn countenanceInformation Technology Services* Paul ChestnutManuscript Division* Carl FleischhauerNational Digital Library Program project planner and contract officers technical representative* Nick KozuraLaw Library* basil MannsPreservation Research and Testing Office* Betsy ParkerPrints and Photographs Division* Ann SeibertConservation Office* Leo SettlerAutomation Planning and Liaison Office* Tamara SworaNational Digital Library Program project planner and contracting officers technical representative* Peter WatersConservation Office* Walter ZvonchenkoMusic DivisionThe committee met on a regular basis during Phase I. At these meetings, Picture Elements representatives report their survey findings, presented sample images, conducted tours of sites at which special scanners could be examined, and led the discussions that ultimately resulted in the findings and proposals allowd in this document. The activities of Phase II are reported in Sections 12 and 13. The projects findings are summarized in Section 14.Developing Project ObjectivesProposals should include both goals and objectives. Goals provide an ove rall philosophy, a concise statement to the purpose of the whole project. Objectives relate directly to the goals and say what you are going to do, but not how you are going to accomplish your goals. The Methods or Procedures section describes how. A well-considered project will have one to three main goals, several objectives related to each goal and many action steps to take to achieve each objective.Objectives discuss who is going to do what, when they will do it and how it will be metrical. For example At the end of the three-day training session (when), workshop participants (who) will saturate quantitative reasoning into one course (what) as determined by a survey distributed and reviewed by a panel of knowledgeable faculty members.Objectives discuss the desired end results of the project, not how those results will be accomplished. For example, an objective would not be to construct a bare-ass Art Gallery. That is a method, or one way to accomplish the goal of building the audience for art appreciation. Objectives for this goal might be to development attendance from the local community (what and who) within the next five years (when) at the scheduled art exhibits, as indicated by daily registers of attendees. AND/ORAffect the level of art appreciation (what) within the local community (who) by offering an annual series of four regularly scheduled lectures (when) as measured by pre- and post-surveys of audience members.Writing research objectives are somewhat different, since basic research involves the generation of new knowledge rather than changing a behavior or developing a product. Research objectives may be stated as hypotheses or as research questions. Research objectives/hypotheses/questions are generally short. For example, research objectives might be to* Determine the impact of contaminated sewage water on the xxx weight population in Barnegat Bay. * Identify the needs of the fish industry in preventing the loss of these fish collect to contamination. * Formulate guidelines for the wastewater treatment plant to meet the needs of the fish industry and the xxx fish.Objectives should play logically from the problem statement/needs assessment. After identifying a set of objectives, you can develop methods and activities that will lead to these objectives. The evaluation plan will follow easily from well-developed objectives.

Match of the Day Essay Example for Free

extend to of the Day EssayMatch of the day is a sports programme which shows the highlights from the current days premiership footb solely. However before the programme is shown live, it is necessary for research to have been taken place beforehand.The research team on a programme like tick of the day allow for be sooner large. We get his as it may seem like non a lot of information is essential to be researched but in fact in that location is. On the rolling credits at the end of my captured add up of the day episode it doesnt state the researchers. The reasons why this could be is that on that point be too many to name and it will be easier for them to put them in doing team listing. You thusly also have runners on the show. The runners name is basically self explanatory almost what they will do. They run around directting any last minute items. This could range from a demarcation extension to both(prenominal) tape or even an extra seat.The researchers need to be people who are determined. They need to be determined as they need to get the good interesting information rough their teams. They also need to be well organised, they need to have a schedule about how and when they are passage to gain information and this is good time organisation as well.The amount of researchers in MOTD is not clear by the credits however I would like to have a rough conceive of at about 8 researchers in my episode. To justify this prediction I think that for either highlighted venture for the episode there will be virtuoso researcher. This means that seen as though there is 8 games of highlighted football on MOTD for that days programme, there will have been 8 researchers.Each researcher will have slightly different researching techniques but they all need to seek out the information one way or some other. The sort of information which the researchers will have to look for are individual records, (i.e. if a player is only 3 intents away from reaching 100 goals or to be the nines highest goal scorer) union records, (i.e. if they win this game it will break the clubs record for most consecutive victories) latest news of the club (i.e. takeover news) and they would have to look up any interesting facts about the teams playing one another(prenominal) (i.e. if a team hasnt beaten the opposition in so many years).The research which is obtained is dod by both the presenters (Gary Lineker, Alan Shearer and Mark Lawrenson) which either introducing the game or when analysing the game once the highlights have been watched. However it is not just the presenters who need the information, it is also needed by the directors, the producers and graphics team. The directors and producers need the research in cast to see what interesting stories they good deal insert into the programme. The graphics team need the research in edict to get the research ready in case it is to go on the programme, listing the research for the viewers.reccyA rec ce would have to be done before the live broadcast of match of the day. A recce is where they will look at the studio and work out how much daylight is going to come in, where the plugs are and where all the equipment is going to go. They will sketch the layout of the studio and sketch in where all the equipment will go in the room. They will have multiple cameras in the studio along with the chairs and send back of the presenters.SchedulesSchedules are an important part of research as I stated before. A schedule is needed for every part of the programme/production. A researcher needs a schedule in enjoin to get all the information they need in only a short period of time. If the researchers do not have a schedule and negligently dont get some research which is needed then the show maybe wont run as smoothly and may even lose some of its audience figures. Also if the researcher doesnt have a schedule and does get something wrong then it can push all the other parts of the producti on backwards. This can be a problem for the social unit show seen as though it is on at more or less the sae time every week.Research TimeResearch time for match of the day is very strict. During the football season match of the day is on every Saturday at around the same time. This means that it only gives the researchers a week in order to get all the information they need.Researchers will be given a brief of everything which the show needs. This however will only be brief and the researcher will have to use their own common knowledge to know that more information is needed. They may have to look in newspapers for stories about the clubs and do extra work in order to help the show.Seen as though there is not enough time for new researchers to learn the trade by themselves and be taught by another researcher they will tag along with an experienced researcher taking in everything which they need to befall and where to find it from. The reason why they will not get very good trai ning is because there simply is not enough time. They could get another researcher in to teach them but this will run up more budget costs.For every week they will look through the database and get all the information they can. After some experience in the job it will become quite routine. They will know exactly where to look in the database and some researchers will also already know some of the stats which they need before they even go and search for them. Also some stats could also go on from one weekend onto another if a certain player is only one goal away from breaking a record.

Discuss the staging of Act 1 Scene 4 and Act 5 Scene 3 Essay Example for Free

Discuss the staging of minute 1 Scene 4 and Act 5 Scene 3 EssayMacbeth was written in 1606 for the latest great power James I. 1606 was in the Jacobean period, a time when wad believed in the Divine wellhead(p) of barons. This is the belief that exponents were chosen by God. They also believed that the worst possible crime was to kill a King and this would result in being dammed to hell. They also believed in the Great Chain of Being, the importance of beings from blueest to lowest. At the lead was God and below him were the antithetical positions held by Angels. Below Angels, the King was positi wizd above all other homosexual beings. Beca drop of this the King was given the appellation Gods Deputy On Earth. During the Jacobean period there was also a strong belief in witchcraft this being present in the play greatly intrigued the audience.Act 1 scene 4 and act 5 scene 3 both show examples of Kingship. The Kingship shown in these two scenes are very different. In clubhouse to understand these differences we must focus on the elan in which the scenes are staged and the audiences opinions generated by the script.Duncan is a very well adoreed and admired King. The people of Scotland admire and bow down to him, as they believe he is a good ruler. Duncan praises and rewards those who do well to him. He congratulates Macbeth in winning the battle against Norway and promotes him to Thane of Cawdor. Its ironic how Duncans two most trusted companions betray him. Macbeth had gained the title Thane of Cawdor off the previous traitor that turned against Duncan and fought for Norway. Duncan truly believes in loyalty and trust. This implies that Duncan is an extremely confident man. When he walks into a room, he knows people are watching him and this does not bother him.Macbeth rules very other than to Duncan. by and by killing Duncan, Macbeth begins to fear that this could easily happen to him. Macbeth does not praise those who do well, but punishes t hose who do bragging(a) or even nothing. If he feels they may be a threat to him he will direct take action and eliminate them. Macbeth has no loyal friends, simply scared servants that do what they are commanded, fearing for their lives.The showtime scene shows Duncan as King surrounded by his loyal company, whereas the second scene shows Macbeth as King with turn out(p) the company of anyone except his servants which are treated with very little respect. In both of these acts the Kings are displayed in the same room of the castle. In act 1 scene 1, Duncan is informed about the death of Thane of Cawdor who is bring to be a traitor and sentenced to death. The atmosphere presented is shameful but Duncan knows that the decision he made was right.In act 5 scene 3 Macbeth hears that the English army is heading for the castle. He also finds out the unstable given of his wife. He jokes to the doctor and asks what the condition of the country is. The doctor replies very honestly utt er that he would want to be as far away from Dunsinane as possible. In this scene Macbeth realizes that he will never be the King that Duncan was, he can see that the honor he receives is only if from the mouth and not from the heart.To show the different views from each scene I would present them similar to each other, as this would allow the audience to compare and contribute a connection between the scenes more clearly. In act 1 scene 4 I would arrange the characters in order to show their spot. I would place Duncan in center stage and make sure that he is the main focus. In order to enhance this idea his position on stage must be raised above others. I would have his loyal accompanists by his side.By doing this it would create the sense that Duncan is a man of high status and respected and honored as a King. To create a connection between the two scenes I would place Macbeth in the same position as Duncan in act 5 scene 3. Duncans answer to the betrayal and sentenced executi on to the once loyal Thane of Cawdor should be very calm. He could also show a slight sadness by shedding a tear, this would show the audience that Duncan is shocked and upset by the acts of mistrust. Macbeth is faced with a similar situation in which could endanger his position as King, I would make him react violently and irritated.To create an obvious link between the tow scenes I would use a large lav as a distinctive prop. This throne would be grand and covered in red velvet. In act 1 scene 4 I would have Duncan victimisation this throne in a proper manner, sitting up straight and proudly, where as I would have Macbeth slouching with one leg on an armrest. By using this prop it would display their differences in Kingship.In act 1 scene 4 Macbeth displays his loyalty towards Duncan by crying out O worthiest cousin as Macbeth and Banquo draw close. As he says this line I would make him have his arms wide open reaching out towards Macbeth. In line 31 Duncan says let me infold t hee and hold thee to my heart. On this line I would make Macbeth kneeling down and kiss Duncans ring. Rings were worn by Kings as symbols of their positions. Kissing this ring would show Macbeths respect towards Duncan.In part 3 of act 5, line 11, a servant informs Macbeth about the English armys approach towards the castle. Macbeth is worried, he shows great disrespect towards the servant by addressing to him with thou cream-facd loon. Whilst Macbeth says this line I would make him use violence towards the servant, hitting or shaking him. This would show an evil and uncaring King that is simply using his status to place himself above everyone else. Towards the end of this scene a doctor talks to Macbeth about the condition of his wife. Macbeth looks down to the doctor even though the doctor knows more about his wife than he does.Macbeth very much reassures himself by referring back to the witches prophecies, while he does this I would have him pacing back and forth. The witches ne ver told Macbeth what to do they simply predicted the future and left it in the hands of Macbeth. This raises the idea that Macbeth might not have been King if he did not kill Duncan, or he could have become King at a later date from the natural death of Duncan.Dressing both of the Kings in each scene differently can compare their differences in personality. I would dress Duncan in a large pure sinlessness robe to show his clear conscience. I would also adorn him with gold jewelry to display his high status. Macbeth would be dressed very differently I would have him in more common garments in the colour black. This black would show the evil hidden within him. This evil side is suggested when peeress Macbeth describes Macbeth as looking like the innocent yet being the serpent under.By using different lighting I would be able to display what the Kings are judgment in each scene. In act 1 scene 4 I would use an orange light, this would create a feeling of warmth, as Duncan is kind, caring and in great company. In act 5 scene 3 I would have a blue light, this will give the scene a cold, empty and negative feel. each of these stage techniques would enable the audience to compare and contrast the two scenes of Kingship. If these were not used it would make the apologue harder to understand, hidden within Shakespeares script.In both of these scenes the Kings received high amounts of respect whether it was truly from the heart or falsely from the mouth. Macbeth was seen to be simply an unfit King by those who knew him closely as apposed to a large(p) King. This is because in the Jacobean period, whomever becomes King, has been elected by God, God being the top of the Great Chain of Beings. tush then Gods opinion meant everything, and could fix peoples opinion on a bad King.

Catch-22 and Dr. Strangelove Essay Example for Free

Catch-22 and Dr. Strangelove Es governIn Joseph Hellers novel, Catch-22, and Stanley Kubricks film, Dr. Strangelove, the bureaucrats are illustrated as irrational and untrustworthy. Hellers attention to administrations such as the hospital and the soldiers-establishwork forcet are recognized for their unreliable understanding and logic. Similarly, in Dr. Strangelove, Kubrick mocks the absurdities of the nuclear arms race and of the officials of the United States and The Soviet Union as he conveys the give way of highly placed govern custodyt bureaucrats. Catch-22 and Dr. Strangelove, are two satirical and somewhat historical works that effectively comwork forcet on the corrupt and perhaps in in their right minds(predicate) bureaucrats. The lives of Yossarian and the men in his squadron in Catch-22 are not determined by their own decisions but instead, by the decisions of the impersonal bureaucracy. The bureaucrats are absolutely oblivious to every attempt the men make to re ason with them logically. Major Major, for example, will only see people in his office if he is not there and sends them away when he returns. Doc Daneeka refuses to ground Yossarian for his insanity because Yossarians desire to be grounded reveals that he is sane.Doc Daneeka elaborates in his discussion of Orr, Yossarians tent-mate. Orr was crazy and could be grounded. whole he had to do was ask and as soon as he did, he would no long-range be crazy and would have to zap more missions. Orr would be crazy to fly more missions and sane if he didnt, but if he was sane he had to fly them. If he flew them he was crazy and didnt have to but if he didnt want to he was sane and had to. (46)Yossarian and the separates in his squadron find that what they say and do has little effect on their fate when the bureaucracy controls them. Their only option is to follow the incoherent rules and use what is expected of them to their own advantage. Yossarians superiors are more concerned with get ting a advance than they are about winning the warfare. Colonel Cathcart, the colonel in moderate of Yossarians squadron, tries to impress his superiors by bravely volunteering his men for dangerous combat. Cathcarts only concern is being promoted to general. Cathcart continually raises the number of combat missions required of the men before they can be sent home. Yossarian argues with Doc Daneeka who explains, regulations do say you have to obey every give. Thats the catch. Even if the colonel were disobeying a Twenty-seventh Air Force order by making you fly more missions, youd still have to fly them, or youd be guilty of disobeying an order of his. (58)Similarly, Dr. Strangelove also criticizes the malfunctions of bureaucracy and the inadequacy of officials. General Jack Ripper gives the command to attack the Soviet Union without license from his superiors or the president. Instead of discussing the idea of an attack with is supervisors, Ripper orders the attack because, acc ording to him Clemenceau said war was too essential to be left to the generals. When he said that, 50 years ago, he might have been right. plainly today, war is too significant to be left to politicians. They have neither the time, the training, nor the inclination for strategic thought. I can no longer sit back and allow Communist infiltration, Communist indoctrination, Communist corruptness and the international Communist conspiracy to sap and impurify all of our precious bodily fluids. -Criticizes the malfunction of bureaucracy. (Dr. Strangelove)Mr. Presidents embarrassment about the issue demonstrates bureaucracy does not function appropriately because those lower in command should not determine the launch of nuclear powers. Further exemplifying the inadequacy of the bureaucrats, the Joint Chiefs in the war room show their unprofessional and blatant prejudice, especially toward the Russians. General Buck Turgidson clearly states, Im beginning to tang a big fat Commie rat, a nd later refers to them as a bunch of ignorant peons. The Germans are also referred to when Turgidson, upon learning Dr. Strangeloves original German name, passes it off as a Kraut by any other name.Dr. Strangelove, the character, also calls into question the reliability of people in power. Strangelove is clearly the Presidents scientific adviser in the war room whose appearance copies the mad scientist stereotype with his wild hair, black gloved hand, and his clearly brilliant thus far insane mind. Through their presentation of bureaucracy, Heller and Kubrick display why officials and politicians are unfit to make important decisions concerning the safety of the country. Catch-22 conveys this notion through the bureaucracys enforcement of impractical rules and Catch-22s on the eccentric men in Yossarians squadron. Kubrick suggests the same concept in Dr. Strangelove by frequently demonstrating the disorder, madness and prejudice of the officials. In either piece, the reader carrie s away the certainty of the instability of the men in control of important military and national decisions.

Results negatively Essay Example for Free

Results negatively EssayAccording to this result then, we must accept the null hypothesis that there is no important association between the age of the pip-squeakren and the major power to conserve number. Discussion Having analysed the results, with the df of 5, the critical tax for an alpha value of 0. 05 is 11. 07 and because our figure was smaller than this, the result becomes non-signifi give noticet. Consequently, there was no significant relationship between the age of small fryren and their force to conserve number. Hence the experimentational hypothesis was rejected and the null hypothesis accepted. Comp atomic number 18d to the 3 grade anile children, the 5 year olds conserved slightly better. Only 4 of the 3-year-olds got the right answer whereas 5 of the 5-year-olds answered correctly. Having tell this, 3 year old tended to pulsate more wrong answers. 8 of the 3-year-olds got the wrong answer, comp atomic number 18d to only 5 wrong answers from the five-yea r-olds. This shows that there whitethorn be a slight difference between 3 and 5 year olds in conserving number, as 5-year-olds seemed to conserve better. Also during the experiment it was observed that, in the 3-year-old condition, 2 appear of 7 children actually counted the blocks before say.In contrast 5 out of 7 children counted before answering in the 5-year-old condition. The event that those who did non count still got the right answer could be put pop to the child simply guessing. As the outcomes of psychological experiments are often subject to uncertainty, interpretation is required in order to find out whether or not there is an association between the independent covariant and the dependant variable. Similarly, there could be many different reasons as to why these differences occurred.Although this field of operations did not introduce any significant gender differences, variances in gender must be taken into account. The environment a child grew up in could effec t their ability to conserve. Factors such as the childs parents financial position and educational status could effect the intelligence of a child. Due to lack of learning resources, the childs education could suffer because they are not able to achieve their full potential. In addition, biological and innate elements could account for the differences between the ability for the child to be able to conserve.Some children may be predisposed with such genes, which may delay their progress. The results of this study agreed with Piagets views and conclusions. According to Piaget, the child did not posses the concept of the conservation of number. Similar to Piagets experiments and results, this study in any case found that there was no significant association between the childs age and the ability to conserve. Conversely, this study refutes set about et als conclusion that maybe Piaget underestimated the childs ability and stated that children can in fact conserve number.In a psychol ogical experiment there are many components which could have effected the results. Similarly, the sample coat of this experiment could have led the results to be non-generalisable. The sample size was extremely small this could have effected the results negatively. Firstly it lacks validity and reliability because the results could not be generalised. Secondly, if more children were used there was more opportunity of the results being reliable. In addition, there were many methodological enigmas, which could have biased the results especially due to the fact that the participants were children.During the course of the experiment, it was noticed that the children tended to give the experimenters opinion rather than their own by imitating the experimenters words. For instance, when the child was asked if the cubes were the same, less or more, then they tended to answer more. Conversely, when these same three words were said in a different order, the child still tended to repeat th e experimenters last word. A way of eliminating this problem could be by asking the child to write their response down.Alternatively, a computer could be used to lessen the interaction between the experimenter and child, in order to use these two methods. However, further investigation maybe required, as some children may not be able to read or write. Another, vital observation was made, some children, especially the three year olds tended to treat the experiment as a game. After one answer, they wanted to start playing with the cubes. This problem could be overcome by making the whole process a bit more kindle for the child.Other factors, which were not directly visible, were that firstly, children may not understand what is being asked of them to do, therefore their answer may reflect self-desirability. Secondly, children especially the three-year-olds, do not always realise the difference between real and direct believe. Thirdly, adults may find it difficult to relate to childr en as their emotions and ways of thinking contrast. Fourthly, children should be relaxed, they might find out threatened at the slightest of things. In addition, children need an incentive or motive to do something for someone and are very easily influenced.A cognitive explanation of this is that children have short attention spans therefore get bored easily and want to do something else. Having said this though, problems like these exist in every experiment regardless of whether the participants are children. The sign of a true experiment is one, which devises new techniques to overcome the difficulties. In conclusion, it can be said that the findings of these studies are in line with previous studies, specifically Piagets. Therefore according to this study results children still do not have the ability to conserve number.